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Several examples demonstrating some features of Selenium WebDriver using Java

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Ramon Caballero 2024-07-23 22:40:39 +01:00
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.gitignore vendored Normal file
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# Unwanted Eclipse IDE settings files:
/.classpath
/.project
/.settings/
# Unwanted build generated folders:
/bin/

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README.md Normal file
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# Page Object Model
Several examples demonstrating some features of Selenium WebDriver using Java.
Each class has its own main method, so they are meant to be executed individually to showcase different Selenium features.
## Run on Eclipse
1. **Package Explorer**
2. Select the `.java` file that you want to run.
3. Contextual menu > **Run As** > **Java Application**
## Notes
- `GettingStarted.java` needs to be run with `-ea` or `-enableasserts` as arguments.
- `InputsWithUIDialogs.java` needs the name of a valid file in your system.

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package waits;
import java.time.Duration;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
public class ExplicitWait
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// Specify path to WebDriver:
System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "/snap/bin/geckodriver");
// Launch browser and navigate to test page:
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://ramoncaballero.dev/sdet/selenium-webdriver/playgrounds/");
// Click on the Waiting Strategies accordion item:
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[contains(text(),'Waiting Strategies')]")).click();
// ======================================================================================== //
//
// DISABLED INPUT
//
// ======================================================================================== //
// Get a reference to the disabled input (we can do that because the input is in the DOM):
WebElement disabledInput = driver.findElement(By.id("disabled-input"));
// Click on the Enable button that will enable the disabled input:
driver.findElement(By.id("disabled-input-toggle")).click();
// Wait for the JavaScript to enable the input:
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofMillis(1000));
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(disabledInput));
// Enter some text in the input:
disabledInput.sendKeys("Explicit Wait with disabled elements");
// ======================================================================================== //
//
// HIDDEN INPUT
//
// ======================================================================================== //
// Get a reference to the hidden input (we can do that because the input is in the DOM):
WebElement hiddenInput = driver.findElement(By.id("hidden-input"));
// Click on the Hide button that will show the hidden input:
driver.findElement(By.id("hidden-input-toggle")).click();
// Wait for the JavaScript to show the input:
wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofMillis(1000));
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOf(hiddenInput));
// Enter some text in the input:
hiddenInput.sendKeys("Explicit Wait with hidden elements");
// ======================================================================================== //
//
// DYNAMIC INPUT
//
// ======================================================================================== //
// We cannot get a reference to the dynamic input because it doesn't exist in the DOM yet!
// WebElement dynamicInput = driver.findElement(By.id("dynamic-input"));
// Click on the Add button that will add a new input:
driver.findElement(By.id("add-remove-input-button")).click();
// Wait for the JavaScript to add the input:
wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofMillis(1000));
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.id("dynamic-input")));
// Enter some text in the input:
driver.findElement(By.id("dynamic-input")).sendKeys("Explicit Wait with dynamic elements");
//
// This is commented out so you can actually see what happened in the web page:
// driver.quit();
}
}

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src/waits/ImplicitWait.java Normal file
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package waits;
import java.time.Duration;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
public class ImplicitWait
{
private static void sleep(long milliseconds)
{
try
{
Thread.sleep(milliseconds);
}
catch (InterruptedException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// Specify path to WebDriver:
System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "/snap/bin/geckodriver");
// Launch browser, set implicit waiting time, and navigate to test page:
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(1000));
driver.get("https://ramoncaballero.dev/sdet/selenium-webdriver/playgrounds/");
// Click on the Waiting Strategies accordion item:
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[contains(text(),'Waiting Strategies')]")).click();
// ======================================================================================== //
//
// DISABLED INPUT
//
// ======================================================================================== //
// Click on the Enable button that will enable the disabled input:
driver.findElement(By.id("disabled-input-toggle")).click();
// implicitlyWait is used when trying to find an element or elements that are not immediately available.
// In this case, the disabled input is available (i.e. exists in the DOM), so we sleep the execution
// before continuing:
sleep(1000);
// Enter some text in the input:
driver.findElement(By.id("disabled-input")).sendKeys("Implicit Wait with disabled elements");
// ======================================================================================== //
//
// HIDDEN INPUT
//
// ======================================================================================== //
// Click on the Hide button that will show the hidden input:
driver.findElement(By.id("hidden-input-toggle")).click();
// implicitlyWait is used when trying to find an element or elements that are not immediately available.
// In this case, the hidden input is available (i.e. exists in the DOM), so we sleep the execution
// before continuing:
sleep(1000);
// Enter some text in the input:
driver.findElement(By.id("hidden-input")).sendKeys("Implicit Wait with hidden elements");
// ======================================================================================== //
//
// DYNAMIC INPUT
//
// ======================================================================================== //
// Click on the Add button that will add a new input:
driver.findElement(By.id("add-remove-input-button")).click();
// We don't need to sleep here, as the dynamic input doesn't exist in the DOM and implicitlyWait
// will keep trying for the specified amount of time until the input is available.
// Enter some text in the input:
driver.findElement(By.id("dynamic-input")).sendKeys("Implicit Wait with dynamic elements");
//
// This is commented out so you can actually see what happened in the web page:
// driver.quit();
}
}

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package webdriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
public class GettingStarted
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// 1. Define the path to the WebDriver for the web browser:
System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "/snap/bin/geckodriver");
// 2. Start a session in a maximized web browser:
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
// 3. Navigate to a URL:
driver.navigate().to("https://ramoncaballero.dev/sdet/selenium-webdriver/playgrounds/");
// 4. Interact with WebElements.
// When testing on a web page we want to make sure that something in it matches an expected value.
// For example, this tests that the title of the web page is what we expect:
String actual = driver.getTitle();
String expected = "ramoncaballero.dev - Selenium Playground";
assert actual.equals(expected);
System.out.print("All tests passed!");
// 5. End the session:
driver.quit();
}
}

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src/webelements/CheckboxesAndRadioButtons.java Normal file
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package webelements;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
public class CheckboxesAndRadioButtons
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// Specify path to WebDriver:
System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "/snap/bin/geckodriver");
// Launch browser and navigate to test page:
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://ramoncaballero.dev/sdet/selenium-webdriver/playgrounds/");
// Click on the 'Checkboxes and Radio Buttons' accordion item:
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[contains(text(),'Checkboxes and Radio Buttons')]")).click();
// Get checkboxes and radio buttons by XPath:
List<WebElement> checkboxes = driver.findElements(By.xpath("//div[@id='checkboxes']//input"));
List<WebElement> radioButtons = driver.findElements(By.xpath("//div[@id='radiobuttons']//input"));
// Shuffle the lists to get random order:
Collections.shuffle(checkboxes);
Collections.shuffle(radioButtons);
// Click on the first 3 checkboxes:
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
checkboxes.get(i).click();
}
// Click on the first radio button:
radioButtons.get(0).click();
//
// This is commented out so you can actually see what happened in the web page:
// driver.quit();
}
}

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package webelements;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.util.Date;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
public class DatePickers
{
static WebDriver driver;
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// Specify path to WebDriver:
System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "/snap/bin/geckodriver");
// Launch browser and navigate to test page:
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://ramoncaballero.dev/sdet/selenium-webdriver/playgrounds/");
// Click on the 'Date Pickers' accordion item:
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[contains(text(),'Date Pickers')]")).click();
//
DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("dd-MM-yyyy");
LocalDate today = LocalDate.now();
String inputDateAsString = formatter.format(today);
String inputDateAsStringInJavaScriptFormat = "";
//
// HTML Date Picker
//
// JavaScript uses dates in format "yyyy-MM-dd"
// We set the value of the HTML Date Picker input using JavascriptExecutor
// So we need to convert the date from format "dd-MM-yyyy" into "yyyy-MM-dd"
try
{
SimpleDateFormat inputDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("dd-MM-yyyy");
Date inputDate = inputDateFormat.parse(inputDateAsString);
SimpleDateFormat outputDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
inputDateAsStringInJavaScriptFormat = outputDateFormat.format(inputDate);
}
catch (ParseException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
WebElement htmlDatePickerInput = driver.findElement(By.id("html-datepicker"));
JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
js.executeScript("arguments[0].value='" + inputDateAsStringInJavaScriptFormat + "';", htmlDatePickerInput);
//
// This is commented out so you can actually see what happened in the web page:
// driver.quit();
}
}

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package webelements;
import java.util.Set;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
public class FramesAndWindows
{
private static void sleep(long milliseconds)
{
try
{
Thread.sleep(milliseconds);
}
catch (InterruptedException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// Specify path to WebDriver:
System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "/snap/bin/geckodriver");
// Launch browser and navigate to test page:
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://ramoncaballero.dev/sdet/selenium-webdriver/playgrounds/");
// Click on the 'Frames and Windows' accordion item:
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[contains(text(),'Frames and Windows')]")).click();
//
// FRAMES
//
// Switch to the iframe:
WebElement frame = driver.findElement(By.id("custom-iframe"));
driver.switchTo().frame(frame);
// Perform the actions we need to do:
driver.findElement(By.id("frame-button")).click();
// Switch back to the default document:
driver.switchTo().defaultContent();
//
// WINDOWS
//
// Get the handle (or identifier) of the original window:
String originalWindowHandle = driver.getWindowHandle();
// Click the button that opens a new window:
driver.findElement(By.id("new-window-button")).click();
// Most likely the new window won't finish loading its content before its title is queried by the
// driver, so we sleep the execution a little bit to give it enough time:
sleep(500);
// Get the handles of all the windows (i.e. handle of the original window + handle of the new window):
Set<String> windowHandles = driver.getWindowHandles();
// Figure out the handle of the new window:
String newWindowHandle = "";
for (String windowHandle : windowHandles)
{
if (!originalWindowHandle.contentEquals(windowHandle))
{
newWindowHandle = windowHandle;
break;
}
}
// Switch to the new window:
driver.switchTo().window(newWindowHandle);
// Perform the actions we need to do:
System.out.println("The title of the new window is: " + driver.getTitle());
// Close the window:
driver.close();
// Switch back to the default document:
driver.switchTo().window(originalWindowHandle);
//
// This is commented out so you can actually see what happened in the web page:
// driver.quit();
}
}

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package webelements;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
public class InputRange
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// Specify path to WebDriver:
System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "/snap/bin/geckodriver");
// Launch browser and navigate to test page:
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://ramoncaballero.dev/sdet/selenium-webdriver/playgrounds/");
// Click on the 'Input Range' accordion item:
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[contains(text(),'Input Range')]")).click();
// Using JavascriptExecutor:
JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
js.executeScript("document.getElementById('range-input').value = '0';");
// Using Actions:
WebElement slider = driver.findElement(By.id("range-input"));
Actions move = new Actions(driver);
move.dragAndDropBy(slider, 100, 0).build().perform();
//
// This is commented out so you can actually see what happened in the web page:
// driver.quit();
}
}

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package webelements;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
public class InputsWithUIDialogs
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// Specify path to WebDriver:
System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "/snap/bin/geckodriver");
// Launch browser and navigate to test page:
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://ramoncaballero.dev/sdet/selenium-webdriver/playgrounds/");
// Click on the 'Inputs With UI Dialogs' accordion item:
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[contains(text(),'Inputs With UI Dialogs')]")).click();
// Color input:
JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
js.executeScript("document.getElementById('color-input').value = '#000000';");
// File input:
WebElement fileInput = driver.findElement(By.id("file-input"));
fileInput.sendKeys("/etc/legal");
//
// This is commented out so you can actually see what happened in the web page:
// driver.quit();
}
}

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src/webelements/JavaScriptPopupMessages.java Normal file
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package webelements;
import org.openqa.selenium.Alert;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
public class JavaScriptPopupMessages
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// Specify path to WebDriver:
System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "/snap/bin/geckodriver");
// Launch browser and navigate to test page:
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://ramoncaballero.dev/sdet/selenium-webdriver/playgrounds/");
// Click on the 'JavaScript Popup Messages' accordion item:
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[contains(text(),'JavaScript Popup Messages')]")).click();
//
// ALERT
//
driver.findElement(By.id("alert-button")).click();
Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();
String alertText = alert.getText();
alert.accept();
System.out.println("Alert text: " + alertText);
//
// CONFIRM
//
driver.findElement(By.id("confirm-button")).click();
Alert confirm = driver.switchTo().alert();
String confirmText = confirm.getText();
confirm.dismiss();
System.out.println("Confirm text: " + confirmText);
//
// PROMPT
//
driver.findElement(By.id("prompt-button")).click();
Alert prompt = driver.switchTo().alert();
prompt.sendKeys("QA");
String promptText = prompt.getText();
prompt.dismiss();
System.out.println("Prompt text: " + promptText);
//
// This is commented out so you can actually see what happened in the web page:
// driver.quit();
}
}

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src/webelements/MostCommonInputs.java Normal file
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package webelements;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
public class MostCommonInputs
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// Specify path to WebDriver:
System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "/snap/bin/geckodriver");
// Launch browser and navigate to test page:
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://ramoncaballero.dev/sdet/selenium-webdriver/playgrounds/");
// Click on the 'Most Common Inputs' accordion item:
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[contains(text(),'Most Common Inputs')]")).click();
// Text input:
WebElement textInput = driver.findElement(By.id("text-input"));
textInput.sendKeys("Selenium WebDriver");
// Read-only input:
WebElement readonlyInput = driver.findElement(By.id("readonly-input"));
String readonlyText = readonlyInput.getAttribute("value");
System.out.println("The read-only input text says '" + readonlyText + "'");
// Email input:
WebElement emailInput = driver.findElement(By.id("email-input"));
emailInput.sendKeys("hello@ramoncaballero.dev");
// Password input:
WebElement passwordInput = driver.findElement(By.id("password-input"));
passwordInput.sendKeys("YouDontNeedToKnowThis");
// Textarea:
WebElement textarea = driver.findElement(By.id("textarea"));
textarea.sendKeys("This is a textarea and I can write inside it.");
// Clear text input and write something else:
textInput.clear();
textInput.sendKeys("Interacting with WebElements");
// Click Reset button:
driver.findElement(By.id("form-interactions-reset-button")).click();
// Write again on the fields (no need to find the elements as we already have them!):
textInput.sendKeys("Interacting with WebElements with Selenium WebDriver");
emailInput.sendKeys("hello@example.com");
passwordInput.sendKeys("YouMustNotKnowThis");
textarea.sendKeys("Let's try to write something again.");
// Click Submit button:
WebElement submitButton = driver.findElement(By.id("form-interactions-submit-button"));
submitButton.click();
// The modal dialog might take a few milliseconds to appear, so let's wait in a simple way:
try
{
Thread.sleep(500);
}
catch (InterruptedException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
// Close the modal dialog:
driver.findElement(By.id("form-interactions-modal-close-button")).click();
//
// This is commented out so you can actually see what happened in the web page:
// driver.quit();
}
}

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src/webelements/SelectDatalistAndOptions.java Normal file
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package webelements;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;
public class SelectDatalistAndOptions
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// Specify path to WebDriver:
System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "/snap/bin/geckodriver");
// Launch browser and navigate to test page:
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://ramoncaballero.dev/sdet/selenium-webdriver/playgrounds/");
// Click on the 'Select, Datalist and Options' accordion item:
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[contains(text(),'Select, Datalist and Options')]")).click();
// Initialize a Select object with the HTML select:
WebElement selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id("select"));
Select select = new Select(selectElement);
// Take the options and remove the 1st option
// (that option cannot be selected as it disappears when another one is selected):
List<WebElement> selectOptions = select.getOptions();
selectOptions.remove(0);
// Shuffle the options to get a random order and select the 1st one:
Collections.shuffle(selectOptions);
select.selectByVisibleText(selectOptions.get(0).getText());
//
WebElement datalistElement = driver.findElement(By.id("datalist-input"));
datalistElement.sendKeys("Batman");
datalistElement.sendKeys(Keys.RETURN);
//
// This is commented out so you can actually see what happened in the web page:
// driver.quit();
}
}

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src/webelements/Tables.java Normal file
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package webelements;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
public class Tables
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// Specify path to WebDriver:
System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "/snap/bin/geckodriver");
// Launch browser and navigate to test page:
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://ramoncaballero.dev/sdet/selenium-webdriver/playgrounds/");
// Click on the 'Tables' accordion item:
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[contains(text(),'Tables')]")).click();
//
// Obtain the rows in the 'products-batman' table:
List<WebElement> rows = driver.findElements(By.xpath(".//table[@id='products-batman']/descendant::*/tr"));
// Take the cells of the 1st row (header row):
List<WebElement> headerRow = rows.remove(0).findElements(By.xpath("th"));
// Print the table header cells:
String headerString = headerRow.stream().map(WebElement::getText).collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
System.out.println("Header: " + headerString);
// Print table body cells:
for (WebElement row : rows)
{
List<WebElement> cellsInRow = row.findElements(By.xpath("td"));
String rowString = cellsInRow.stream().map(WebElement::getText).collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
System.out.println("Row: " + rowString);
}
//
// This is commented out so you can actually see what happened in the web page:
// driver.quit();
}
}