Update README.md

README.md

@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 # Page Object Model
 
-Several examples demonstrating some features of Selenium WebDriver using Java.
+Examples from [Selenium WebDriver](https://gitea.ramoncaballero.dev/mon/SeleniumWebDriver) adopting Page Object Model.
 
-Each class has its own main method, so they are meant to be executed individually to showcase different Selenium features. 
+Each test class has its own main method, so they are meant to be executed individually to showcase different Selenium features.
 
 ## Run on Eclipse
 
 1. **Package Explorer**
-2. Select the `.java` file that you want to run.
-3. Contextual menu > **Run As** > **Java Application**
+2. Browse to **src/tests** package.
+3. Select the `.java` file that you want to run.
+4. Contextual menu > **Run As** > **Java Application**
 
 ## Notes
 
-- `GettingStarted.java` needs to be run with `-ea` or `-enableasserts` as arguments.
-- `InputsWithUIDialogs.java` needs the name of a valid file in your system.
+- `GettingStartedTests.java` needs to be run with `-ea` or `-enableasserts` as arguments.
+- `InputsWithUIDialogsTests.java` needs the name of a valid file in your system.

src/pages/BasePage.java

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package pages;
+
+import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
+
+public abstract class BasePage
+{
+	protected WebDriver driver = null;
+
+	protected BasePage(WebDriver driver)
+	{
+		this.driver = driver;
+	}
+
+	public void sleep(long millis)
+	{
+		try
+		{
+			Thread.sleep(millis);
+		}
+		catch (InterruptedException e)
+		{
+			e.printStackTrace();
+		}
+	}
+}

src/pages/waits/WaitingStrategiesPage.java

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+package pages.waits;
+
+import java.time.Duration;
+
+import org.openqa.selenium.By;
+import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
+import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
+import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
+import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
+import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
+import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
+
+import pages.BasePage;
+
+public class WaitingStrategiesPage extends BasePage
+{
+	@FindBy(xpath = "//button[contains(text(),'Waiting Strategies')]")
+	private WebElement accordionItem;
+
+	@FindBy(id = "disabled-input-toggle")
+	private WebElement enableOrDisableButton;
+
+	@FindBy(id = "disabled-input")
+	private WebElement enabledOrDisabledInput;
+
+	@FindBy(id = "hidden-input-toggle")
+	private WebElement showOrHideButton;
+
+	@FindBy(id = "hidden-input")
+	private WebElement shownOrHiddenInput;
+
+	@FindBy(id = "add-remove-input-button")
+	private WebElement addOrRemoveButton;
+
+	@FindBy(id = "dynamic-input")
+	private WebElement dynamicInput;
+
+	public WaitingStrategiesPage(WebDriver driver)
+	{
+		super(driver);
+		PageFactory.initElements(this.driver, this);
+	}
+
+	public void clickOnAccordionItem()
+	{
+		accordionItem.click();
+	}
+
+	public void clickEnableOrDisableButton()
+	{
+		enableOrDisableButton.click();
+	}
+
+	public void setEnabledOrDisabledInput(String text)
+	{
+		enabledOrDisabledInput.sendKeys(text);
+	}
+
+	public void clickShowOrHideButton()
+	{
+		showOrHideButton.click();
+	}
+
+	public void setShownOrHiddenInput(String text)
+	{
+		shownOrHiddenInput.sendKeys(text);
+	}
+
+	public void clickAddOrRemoveButton()
+	{
+		addOrRemoveButton.click();
+	}
+
+	public void setDynamicInput(String text)
+	{
+		dynamicInput.sendKeys(text);
+	}
+
+	public void waitForEnabledOrDisabledInputToBeClickable(long millis)
+	{
+		WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofMillis(millis));
+		wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(enabledOrDisabledInput));
+	}
+
+	public void waitForShownOrHiddenInputToBeClickable(long millis)
+	{
+		WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofMillis(millis));
+		wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(shownOrHiddenInput));
+	}
+
+	public void waitForDynamicInputToBePresent(long millis)
+	{
+		WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofMillis(millis));
+		wait.until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.id("dynamic-input")));
+	}
+}

src/pages/webelements/AlertPanel.java

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package pages.webelements;
+
+import org.openqa.selenium.Alert;
+import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
+
+import pages.BasePage;
+
+public class AlertPanel extends BasePage
+{
+	private Alert alert = null;
+
+	public AlertPanel(WebDriver driver)
+	{
+		super(driver);
+		alert = driver.switchTo().alert();
+	}
+
+	public String getText()
+	{
+		return alert.getText();
+	}
+
+	public void accept()
+	{
+		alert.accept();
+		driver.switchTo().defaultContent();
+	}
+}

src/pages/webelements/CheckboxesAndRadioButtonsPage.java

@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@ import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
 import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
 import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
 
-public class CheckboxesAndRadioButtonsPage
+import pages.BasePage;
+
+public class CheckboxesAndRadioButtonsPage extends BasePage
 {
 	@FindBy(xpath = "//button[contains(text(),'Checkboxes and Radio Buttons')]")
 	private WebElement accordionItem;
@@ -20,11 +22,9 @@ public class CheckboxesAndRadioButtonsPage
 	@FindBy(xpath = "//div[@id='radiobuttons']//input")
 	private List<WebElement> radioButtons;
 
-	private WebDriver driver = null;
-
 	public CheckboxesAndRadioButtonsPage(WebDriver driver)
 	{
-		this.driver = driver;
+		super(driver);
 		PageFactory.initElements(this.driver, this);
 	}
 

src/pages/webelements/ConfirmPanel.java

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package pages.webelements;
+
+import org.openqa.selenium.Alert;
+import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
+
+import pages.BasePage;
+
+public class ConfirmPanel extends BasePage
+{
+	private Alert confirm = null;
+
+	public ConfirmPanel(WebDriver driver)
+	{
+		super(driver);
+		confirm = driver.switchTo().alert();
+	}
+
+	public String getText()
+	{
+		return confirm.getText();
+	}
+
+	public void dismiss()
+	{
+		confirm.dismiss();
+		driver.switchTo().defaultContent();
+	}
+}

src/pages/webelements/DatePickersPage.java

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+package pages.webelements;
+
+import java.text.ParseException;
+import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
+import java.util.Date;
+
+import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;
+import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
+import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
+import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
+import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
+
+import pages.BasePage;
+
+public class DatePickersPage extends BasePage
+{
+	@FindBy(xpath = "//button[contains(text(),'Date Pickers')]")
+	private WebElement accordionItem;
+
+	@FindBy(id = "html-datepicker")
+	private WebElement htmlDatePicker;
+
+	public DatePickersPage(WebDriver driver)
+	{
+		super(driver);
+		PageFactory.initElements(this.driver, this);
+	}
+
+	public void clickOnAccordionItem()
+	{
+		accordionItem.click();
+	}
+
+	public void setDateOnHTMLDatePicker(String inputDateAsString)
+	{
+		// JavaScript uses dates in format "yyyy-MM-dd"
+		// We set the value of the HTML Date Picker input using JavascriptExecutor
+		// So we need to convert the input date from format "dd-MM-yyyy" into "yyyy-MM-dd"
+		String inputDateAsStringInJavaScriptFormat = "";
+
+		try
+		{
+			SimpleDateFormat inputDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("dd-MM-yyyy");
+			Date inputDate = inputDateFormat.parse(inputDateAsString);
+
+			SimpleDateFormat outputDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
+			inputDateAsStringInJavaScriptFormat = outputDateFormat.format(inputDate);
+		}
+		catch (ParseException e)
+		{
+			e.printStackTrace();
+		}
+
+		JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
+		js.executeScript("arguments[0].value='" + inputDateAsStringInJavaScriptFormat + "';", htmlDatePicker);
+	}
+}

src/pages/webelements/Frame.java

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package pages.webelements;
+
+import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
+import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
+import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
+import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
+
+public class Frame
+{
+	@FindBy(id = "frame-button")
+	private WebElement button;
+
+	private WebDriver driver = null;
+
+	public Frame(WebDriver driver, WebElement frame)
+	{
+		this.driver = driver;
+		PageFactory.initElements(this.driver, this);
+		driver.switchTo().frame(frame);
+	}
+
+	public void clickButton()
+	{
+		button.click();
+	}
+
+	public void dismiss()
+	{
+		driver.switchTo().defaultContent();
+	}
+}

src/pages/webelements/FramesAndWindowsPage.java

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package pages.webelements;
+
+import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
+import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
+import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
+import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
+
+import pages.BasePage;
+
+public class FramesAndWindowsPage extends BasePage
+{
+	@FindBy(xpath = "//button[contains(text(),'Frames and Windows')]")
+	private WebElement accordionItem;
+
+	@FindBy(id = "custom-iframe")
+	private WebElement frame;
+
+	@FindBy(id = "new-window-button")
+	private WebElement newWindowButton;
+
+	public FramesAndWindowsPage(WebDriver driver)
+	{
+		super(driver);
+		PageFactory.initElements(this.driver, this);
+	}
+
+	public void clickOnAccordionItem()
+	{
+		accordionItem.click();
+	}
+
+	public WebElement frame()
+	{
+		return frame;
+	}
+
+	public void clickNewWindowButton()
+	{
+		newWindowButton.click();
+	}
+}

src/pages/webelements/InputRangePage.java

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package pages.webelements;
+
+import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;
+import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
+import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
+import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
+import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
+import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
+
+import pages.BasePage;
+
+public class InputRangePage extends BasePage
+{
+	@FindBy(xpath = "//button[contains(text(),'Input Range')]")
+	private WebElement accordionItem;
+
+	@FindBy(id = "range-input")
+	private WebElement rangeInput;
+
+	public InputRangePage(WebDriver driver)
+	{
+		super(driver);
+		PageFactory.initElements(this.driver, this);
+	}
+
+	public void clickOnAccordionItem()
+	{
+		accordionItem.click();
+	}
+
+	public void setRangeInputValue(int value)
+	{
+		JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
+		js.executeScript("arguments[0].value = arguments[1];", rangeInput, value);
+	}
+
+	public void dragAndDropRangeInputBy(int x, int y)
+	{
+		Actions move = new Actions(driver);
+		move.dragAndDropBy(rangeInput, x, y).build().perform();
+	}
+}

src/pages/webelements/InputsWithUIDialogsPage.java

@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@ import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
 import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
 import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
 
-public class InputsWithUIDialogsPage
+import pages.BasePage;
+
+public class InputsWithUIDialogsPage extends BasePage
 {
 	@FindBy(xpath = "//button[contains(text(),'Inputs With UI Dialogs')]")
 	private WebElement accordionItem;
@@ -17,11 +19,9 @@ public class InputsWithUIDialogsPage
 	@FindBy(id = "file-input")
 	private WebElement fileInput;
 
-	private WebDriver driver = null;
-
 	public InputsWithUIDialogsPage(WebDriver driver)
 	{
-		this.driver = driver;
+		super(driver);
 		PageFactory.initElements(this.driver, this);
 	}
 

src/pages/webelements/JavaScriptPopupMessagesPage.java

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package pages.webelements;
+
+import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
+import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
+import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
+import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
+
+import pages.BasePage;
+
+public class JavaScriptPopupMessagesPage extends BasePage
+{
+	@FindBy(xpath = "//button[contains(text(),'JavaScript Popup Messages')]")
+	private WebElement accordionItem;
+
+	@FindBy(id = "alert-button")
+	private WebElement alertButton;
+
+	@FindBy(id = "confirm-button")
+	private WebElement confirmButton;
+
+	@FindBy(id = "prompt-button")
+	private WebElement promptButton;
+
+	public JavaScriptPopupMessagesPage(WebDriver driver)
+	{
+		super(driver);
+		PageFactory.initElements(this.driver, this);
+	}
+
+	public void clickOnAccordionItem()
+	{
+		accordionItem.click();
+	}
+
+	public void clickAlertButton()
+	{
+		alertButton.click();
+	}
+
+	public void clickConfirmButton()
+	{
+		confirmButton.click();
+	}
+
+	public void clickPromptButton()
+	{
+		promptButton.click();
+	}
+}

src/pages/webelements/ModalDialogPage.java

@@ -6,16 +6,16 @@ import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
 import org.openqa.selenium.support.How;
 import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
 
-public class ModalDialogPage
+import pages.BasePage;
+
+public class ModalDialogPage extends BasePage
 {
 	@FindBy(how = How.ID, using = "form-interactions-modal-close-button")
 	private WebElement closeButton;
 
-	private WebDriver driver = null;
-
 	public ModalDialogPage(WebDriver driver)
 	{
-		this.driver = driver;
+		super(driver);
 		PageFactory.initElements(this.driver, this);
 	}
 

src/pages/webelements/MostCommonInputsPage.java

@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@ import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
 import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
 import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
 
-public class MostCommonInputsPage
+import pages.BasePage;
+
+public class MostCommonInputsPage extends BasePage
 {
 	@FindBy(xpath = "//button[contains(text(),'Most Common Inputs')]")
 	private WebElement accordionItem;
@@ -31,11 +33,9 @@ public class MostCommonInputsPage
 	@FindBy(id = "form-interactions-submit-button")
 	private WebElement submitButton;
 
-	private WebDriver driver = null;
-
 	public MostCommonInputsPage(WebDriver driver)
 	{
-		this.driver = driver;
+		super(driver);
 		PageFactory.initElements(this.driver, this);
 	}
 
@@ -83,16 +83,4 @@ public class MostCommonInputsPage
 	{
 		return readonlyInput.getAttribute("value");
 	}
-
-	public void sleep(long millis)
-	{
-		try
-		{
-			Thread.sleep(millis);
-		} catch (InterruptedException e)
-		{
-			e.printStackTrace();
-		}
-
-	}
 }

src/pages/webelements/NewWindow.java

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+package pages.webelements;
+
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
+
+import pages.BasePage;
+
+public class NewWindow extends BasePage
+{
+	private String originalWindowHandle;
+
+	public NewWindow(WebDriver driver)
+	{
+		super(driver);
+
+		// Get the handle (or identifier) of the original window:
+		originalWindowHandle = driver.getWindowHandle();
+
+		// Most likely the new window won't finish loading its content before its title is queried by the
+		// driver, so we sleep the execution a little bit to give it enough time:
+		sleep(500);
+
+		// Get the handles of all the windows (i.e. handle of the original window + handle of the new window):
+		Set<String> windowHandles = driver.getWindowHandles();
+
+		// Figure out the handle of the new window:
+		String newWindowHandle = "";
+
+		for (String windowHandle : windowHandles)
+		{
+			if (!originalWindowHandle.contentEquals(windowHandle))
+			{
+				newWindowHandle = windowHandle;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Switch to the new window:
+		driver.switchTo().window(newWindowHandle);
+	}
+
+	public String title()
+	{
+		return driver.getTitle();
+	}
+
+	public void close()
+	{
+		driver.close();
+		driver.switchTo().window(originalWindowHandle);
+	}
+}

src/pages/webelements/PromptPanel.java

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package pages.webelements;
+
+import org.openqa.selenium.Alert;
+import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
+
+import pages.BasePage;
+
+public class PromptPanel extends BasePage
+{
+	private Alert prompt = null;
+
+	public PromptPanel(WebDriver driver)
+	{
+		super(driver);
+		prompt = driver.switchTo().alert();
+	}
+
+	public void setText(String text)
+	{
+		prompt.sendKeys(text);
+	}
+
+	public String getText()
+	{
+		return prompt.getText();
+	}
+
+	public void dismiss()
+	{
+		prompt.dismiss();
+		driver.switchTo().defaultContent();
+	}
+}

src/pages/webelements/SelectDatalistAndOptionsPage.java

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+package pages.webelements;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;
+import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
+import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
+import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
+import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
+import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;
+
+import pages.BasePage;
+
+public class SelectDatalistAndOptionsPage extends BasePage
+{
+	@FindBy(xpath = "//button[contains(text(),'Select, Datalist and Options')]")
+	private WebElement accordionItem;
+
+	@FindBy(id = "select")
+	private WebElement selectElement;
+
+	@FindBy(id = "datalist-input")
+	private WebElement datalistElement;
+
+	Select select = null;
+	List<WebElement> selectOptions = null;
+
+	public SelectDatalistAndOptionsPage(WebDriver driver)
+	{
+		super(driver);
+		PageFactory.initElements(this.driver, this);
+
+		select = new Select(selectElement);
+
+		// Take the options and remove the 1st option so it cannot be selected:
+		selectOptions = select.getOptions();
+		selectOptions.remove(0);
+	}
+
+	public void clickOnAccordionItem()
+	{
+		accordionItem.click();
+	}
+
+	public void selectRandomOption()
+	{
+		// Shuffle the options to get a random order and select the 1st one:
+		Collections.shuffle(selectOptions);
+		select.selectByVisibleText(selectOptions.get(0).getText());
+	}
+
+	public void selectFromDatalist(String text)
+	{
+		datalistElement.sendKeys(text);
+		datalistElement.sendKeys(Keys.RETURN);
+	}
+}

src/pages/webelements/TablesPage.java

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+package pages.webelements;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import org.openqa.selenium.By;
+import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
+import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
+import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
+import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
+
+import pages.BasePage;
+
+public class TablesPage extends BasePage
+{
+	@FindBy(xpath = "//button[contains(text(),'Tables')]")
+	private WebElement accordionItem;
+
+	@FindBy(xpath = ".//table[@id='products-batman']/descendant::*/tr")
+	private List<WebElement> rows;
+
+	List<WebElement> headerRow;
+
+	public TablesPage(WebDriver driver)
+	{
+		super(driver);
+		PageFactory.initElements(this.driver, this);
+
+		// Take the cells of the 1st row (header row):
+		headerRow = rows.remove(0).findElements(By.xpath("th"));
+	}
+
+	public void clickOnAccordionItem()
+	{
+		accordionItem.click();
+	}
+
+	public String batmanProductsTableHeaderAsString()
+	{
+		return headerRow.stream().map(WebElement::getText).collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
+	}
+
+	public String batmanProductsTableRowsAsString()
+	{
+		String rowsAsString = "";
+
+		for (WebElement row : rows)
+		{
+			List<WebElement> cellsInRow = row.findElements(By.xpath("td"));
+
+			String rowAsString = cellsInRow.stream().map(WebElement::getText).collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
+			rowsAsString += rowAsString + '\n';
+		}
+
+		return rowsAsString;
+	}
+}

src/tests/waits/ExplicitWaitTests.java

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package tests.waits;
+
+import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
+import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
+
+import pages.waits.WaitingStrategiesPage;
+
+public class ExplicitWaitTests
+{
+	public static void main(String[] args)
+	{
+		// Specify path to WebDriver:
+		System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "/snap/bin/geckodriver");
+
+		// Launch browser and navigate to test page:
+		WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
+		driver.manage().window().maximize();
+		driver.get("https://ramoncaballero.dev/sdet/selenium-webdriver/playgrounds/");
+
+		// Instantiate the page model:
+		WaitingStrategiesPage page = new WaitingStrategiesPage(driver);
+
+		// Perform actions on the page:
+		page.clickOnAccordionItem();
+
+		// ======================================================================================== //
+		//
+		// DISABLED INPUT
+		//
+		// ======================================================================================== //
+
+		page.clickEnableOrDisableButton();
+		page.waitForEnabledOrDisabledInputToBeClickable(1000); // Wait for the JavaScript to enable the input.
+		page.setEnabledOrDisabledInput("Explicit Wait with disabled elements");
+
+		// ======================================================================================== //
+		//
+		// HIDDEN INPUT
+		//
+		// ======================================================================================== //
+
+		page.clickShowOrHideButton();
+		page.waitForShownOrHiddenInputToBeClickable(1000); // Wait for the JavaScript to show the input.
+		page.setShownOrHiddenInput("Explicit Wait with hidden elements");
+
+		// ======================================================================================== //
+		//
+		// DYNAMIC INPUT
+		//
+		// ======================================================================================== //
+
+		page.clickAddOrRemoveButton();
+		page.waitForDynamicInputToBePresent(1000);
+		page.setDynamicInput("Explicit Wait with dynamic elements");
+
+		//
+
+		// This is commented out so you can actually see what happened in the web page:
+		// driver.quit();
+	}
+}

src/tests/waits/ImplicitWaitTests.java

@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
-package waits;
+package tests.waits;
 
 import java.time.Duration;
 
-import org.openqa.selenium.By;
 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
 import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
 
-public class ImplicitWait
+import pages.waits.WaitingStrategiesPage;
+
+public class ImplicitWaitTests
 {
 	private static void sleep(long milliseconds)
 	{
@@ -25,14 +26,17 @@ public class ImplicitWait
 		// Specify path to WebDriver:
 		System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "/snap/bin/geckodriver");
 
-		// Launch browser, set implicit waiting time, and navigate to test page:
+		// Launch browser and navigate to test page:
 		WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
 		driver.manage().window().maximize();
 		driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(1000));
 		driver.get("https://ramoncaballero.dev/sdet/selenium-webdriver/playgrounds/");
 
-		// Click on the Waiting Strategies accordion item:
-		driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[contains(text(),'Waiting Strategies')]")).click();
+		// Instantiate the page model:
+		WaitingStrategiesPage page = new WaitingStrategiesPage(driver);
+
+		// Perform actions on the page:
+		page.clickOnAccordionItem();
 
 		// ======================================================================================== //
 		//
@@ -40,16 +44,14 @@ public class ImplicitWait
 		//
 		// ======================================================================================== //
 
-		// Click on the Enable button that will enable the disabled input:
-		driver.findElement(By.id("disabled-input-toggle")).click();
+		page.clickEnableOrDisableButton();
 
 		// implicitlyWait is used when trying to find an element or elements that are not immediately available.
 		// In this case, the disabled input is available (i.e. exists in the DOM), so we sleep the execution
 		// before continuing:
 		sleep(1000);
 
-		// Enter some text in the input:
-		driver.findElement(By.id("disabled-input")).sendKeys("Implicit Wait with disabled elements");
+		page.setEnabledOrDisabledInput("Implicit Wait with disabled elements");
 
 		// ======================================================================================== //
 		//
@@ -57,16 +59,14 @@ public class ImplicitWait
 		//
 		// ======================================================================================== //
 
-		// Click on the Hide button that will show the hidden input:
-		driver.findElement(By.id("hidden-input-toggle")).click();
+		page.clickShowOrHideButton();
 
 		// implicitlyWait is used when trying to find an element or elements that are not immediately available.
 		// In this case, the hidden input is available (i.e. exists in the DOM), so we sleep the execution
 		// before continuing:
 		sleep(1000);
 
-		// Enter some text in the input:
-		driver.findElement(By.id("hidden-input")).sendKeys("Implicit Wait with hidden elements");
+		page.setShownOrHiddenInput("Implicit Wait with hidden elements");
 
 		// ======================================================================================== //
 		//
@@ -74,14 +74,12 @@ public class ImplicitWait
 		//
 		// ======================================================================================== //
 
-		// Click on the Add button that will add a new input:
-		driver.findElement(By.id("add-remove-input-button")).click();
+		page.clickAddOrRemoveButton();
 
 		// We don't need to sleep here, as the dynamic input doesn't exist in the DOM and implicitlyWait
 		// will keep trying for the specified amount of time until the input is available.
 
-		// Enter some text in the input:
-		driver.findElement(By.id("dynamic-input")).sendKeys("Implicit Wait with dynamic elements");
+		page.setDynamicInput("Implicit Wait with dynamic elements");
 
 		//
 

src/tests/webelements/DatePickersTests.java

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package tests.webelements;
+
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
+
+import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
+import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
+
+import pages.webelements.DatePickersPage;
+
+public class DatePickersTests
+{
+	public static void main(String[] args)
+	{
+		// Specify path to WebDriver:
+		System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "/snap/bin/geckodriver");
+
+		// Launch browser and navigate to test page:
+		WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
+		driver.manage().window().maximize();
+		driver.get("https://ramoncaballero.dev/sdet/selenium-webdriver/playgrounds/");
+
+		// Instantiate the page model:
+		DatePickersPage page = new DatePickersPage(driver);
+
+		// This could be considered our test data:
+
+		DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("dd-MM-yyyy");
+		LocalDate today = LocalDate.now();
+
+		String inputDateAsString = formatter.format(today);
+
+		// Perform actions on the page:
+		page.clickOnAccordionItem();
+		page.setDateOnHTMLDatePicker(inputDateAsString);
+
+		//
+
+		// This is commented out so you can actually see what happened in the web page:
+		// driver.quit();
+	}
+}

src/tests/webelements/FramesAndWindowsTests.java

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package tests.webelements;
+
+import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
+import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
+
+import pages.webelements.Frame;
+import pages.webelements.FramesAndWindowsPage;
+import pages.webelements.NewWindow;
+
+public class FramesAndWindowsTests
+{
+	public static void main(String[] args)
+	{
+		// Specify path to WebDriver:
+		System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "/snap/bin/geckodriver");
+
+		// Launch browser and navigate to test page:
+		WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
+		driver.manage().window().maximize();
+		driver.get("https://ramoncaballero.dev/sdet/selenium-webdriver/playgrounds/");
+
+		// Instantiate the page model:
+		FramesAndWindowsPage page = new FramesAndWindowsPage(driver);
+
+		// Perform actions on the page:
+		page.clickOnAccordionItem();
+
+		Frame frame = new Frame(driver, page.frame());
+		frame.clickButton();
+		frame.dismiss();
+
+		page.clickNewWindowButton();
+		NewWindow window = new NewWindow(driver);
+		System.out.println("The title of the new window is: " + window.title());
+		window.close();
+
+		//
+
+		// This is commented out so you can actually see what happened in the web page:
+		// driver.quit();
+	}
+}

src/tests/webelements/InputRangeTests.java

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package tests.webelements;
+
+import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
+import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
+
+import pages.webelements.InputRangePage;
+
+public class InputRangeTests
+{
+	public static void main(String[] args)
+	{
+		// Specify path to WebDriver:
+		System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "/snap/bin/geckodriver");
+
+		// Launch browser and navigate to test page:
+		WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
+		driver.manage().window().maximize();
+		driver.get("https://ramoncaballero.dev/sdet/selenium-webdriver/playgrounds/");
+
+		// Instantiate the page model:
+		InputRangePage page = new InputRangePage(driver);
+
+		// Perform actions on the page:
+		page.clickOnAccordionItem();
+		page.setRangeInputValue(0);
+		page.dragAndDropRangeInputBy(100, 0);
+
+		//
+
+		// This is commented out so you can actually see what happened in the web page:
+		// driver.quit();
+	}
+}

src/tests/webelements/JavaScriptPopupMessagesTests.java

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package tests.webelements;
+
+import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
+import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
+
+import pages.webelements.AlertPanel;
+import pages.webelements.ConfirmPanel;
+import pages.webelements.JavaScriptPopupMessagesPage;
+import pages.webelements.PromptPanel;
+
+public class JavaScriptPopupMessagesTests
+{
+	public static void main(String[] args)
+	{
+		// Specify path to WebDriver:
+		System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "/snap/bin/geckodriver");
+
+		// Launch browser and navigate to test page:
+		WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
+		driver.manage().window().maximize();
+		driver.get("https://ramoncaballero.dev/sdet/selenium-webdriver/playgrounds/");
+
+		// Instantiate the page model:
+		JavaScriptPopupMessagesPage page = new JavaScriptPopupMessagesPage(driver);
+
+		// Perform actions on the page:
+		page.clickOnAccordionItem();
+
+		page.clickAlertButton();
+		AlertPanel alert = new AlertPanel(driver);
+		System.out.println("Alert text: " + alert.getText());
+		alert.accept();
+
+		page.clickConfirmButton();
+		ConfirmPanel confirm = new ConfirmPanel(driver);
+		System.out.println("Confirm text: " + confirm.getText());
+		confirm.dismiss();
+
+		page.clickPromptButton();
+		PromptPanel prompt = new PromptPanel(driver);
+		System.out.println("Prompt text: " + prompt.getText());
+		prompt.dismiss();
+
+		//
+
+		// This is commented out so you can actually see what happened in the web page:
+		// driver.quit();
+	}
+}

src/tests/webelements/SelectDatalistAndOptionsTests.java

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package tests.webelements;
+
+import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
+import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
+
+import pages.webelements.SelectDatalistAndOptionsPage;
+
+public class SelectDatalistAndOptionsTests
+{
+
+	public static void main(String[] args)
+	{
+		// Specify path to WebDriver:
+		System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "/snap/bin/geckodriver");
+
+		// Launch browser and navigate to test page:
+		WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
+		driver.manage().window().maximize();
+		driver.get("https://ramoncaballero.dev/sdet/selenium-webdriver/playgrounds/");
+
+		// Instantiate the page model:
+		SelectDatalistAndOptionsPage page = new SelectDatalistAndOptionsPage(driver);
+
+		// Perform actions on the page:
+		page.clickOnAccordionItem();
+		page.selectRandomOption();
+		page.selectFromDatalist("Batman");
+
+		//
+
+		// This is commented out so you can actually see what happened in the web page:
+		// driver.quit();
+	}
+}

src/tests/webelements/TablesTests.java

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package tests.webelements;
+
+import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
+import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
+
+import pages.webelements.TablesPage;
+
+public class TablesTests
+{
+	public static void main(String[] args)
+	{
+		// Specify path to WebDriver:
+		System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "/snap/bin/geckodriver");
+
+		// Launch browser and navigate to test page:
+		WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
+		driver.manage().window().maximize();
+		driver.get("https://ramoncaballero.dev/sdet/selenium-webdriver/playgrounds/");
+
+		// Instantiate the page model:
+		TablesPage page = new TablesPage(driver);
+
+		// Perform actions on the page:
+		page.clickOnAccordionItem();
+		System.out.println("Batman Products Table Header: " + page.batmanProductsTableHeaderAsString());
+		System.out.println("Batman Products Table Rows: " + page.batmanProductsTableRowsAsString());
+
+		//
+
+		// This is commented out so you can actually see what happened in the web page:
+		// driver.quit();
+	}
+}

src/waits/ExplicitWait.java

@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
-package waits;
-
-import java.time.Duration;
-
-import org.openqa.selenium.By;
-import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
-import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
-import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
-import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
-import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
-
-public class ExplicitWait
-{
-	public static void main(String[] args)
-	{
-		// Specify path to WebDriver:
-		System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "/snap/bin/geckodriver");
-
-		// Launch browser and navigate to test page:
-		WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
-		driver.manage().window().maximize();
-		driver.get("https://ramoncaballero.dev/sdet/selenium-webdriver/playgrounds/");
-
-		// Click on the Waiting Strategies accordion item:
-		driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[contains(text(),'Waiting Strategies')]")).click();
-
-		// ======================================================================================== //
-		//
-		// DISABLED INPUT
-		//
-		// ======================================================================================== //
-
-		// Get a reference to the disabled input (we can do that because the input is in the DOM):
-		WebElement disabledInput = driver.findElement(By.id("disabled-input"));
-
-		// Click on the Enable button that will enable the disabled input:
-		driver.findElement(By.id("disabled-input-toggle")).click();
-
-		// Wait for the JavaScript to enable the input:
-		WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofMillis(1000));
-		wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(disabledInput));
-
-		// Enter some text in the input:
-		disabledInput.sendKeys("Explicit Wait with disabled elements");
-
-		// ======================================================================================== //
-		//
-		// HIDDEN INPUT
-		//
-		// ======================================================================================== //
-
-		// Get a reference to the hidden input (we can do that because the input is in the DOM):
-		WebElement hiddenInput = driver.findElement(By.id("hidden-input"));
-
-		// Click on the Hide button that will show the hidden input:
-		driver.findElement(By.id("hidden-input-toggle")).click();
-
-		// Wait for the JavaScript to show the input:
-		wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofMillis(1000));
-		wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOf(hiddenInput));
-
-		// Enter some text in the input:
-		hiddenInput.sendKeys("Explicit Wait with hidden elements");
-
-		// ======================================================================================== //
-		//
-		// DYNAMIC INPUT
-		//
-		// ======================================================================================== //
-
-		// We cannot get a reference to the dynamic input because it doesn't exist in the DOM yet!
-		// WebElement dynamicInput = driver.findElement(By.id("dynamic-input"));
-
-		// Click on the Add button that will add a new input:
-		driver.findElement(By.id("add-remove-input-button")).click();
-
-		// Wait for the JavaScript to add the input:
-		wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofMillis(1000));
-		wait.until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.id("dynamic-input")));
-
-		// Enter some text in the input:
-		driver.findElement(By.id("dynamic-input")).sendKeys("Explicit Wait with dynamic elements");
-
-		//
-
-		// This is commented out so you can actually see what happened in the web page:
-		// driver.quit();
-	}
-}

src/webelements/FramesAndWindows.java

@@ -1,97 +0,0 @@
-package webelements;
-
-import java.util.Set;
-
-import org.openqa.selenium.By;
-import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
-import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
-import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
-
-public class FramesAndWindows
-{
-	private static void sleep(long milliseconds)
-	{
-		try
-		{
-			Thread.sleep(milliseconds);
-		}
-		catch (InterruptedException e)
-		{
-			e.printStackTrace();
-		}
-	}
-
-	public static void main(String[] args)
-	{
-		// Specify path to WebDriver:
-		System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "/snap/bin/geckodriver");
-
-		// Launch browser and navigate to test page:
-		WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
-		driver.manage().window().maximize();
-		driver.get("https://ramoncaballero.dev/sdet/selenium-webdriver/playgrounds/");
-
-		// Click on the 'Frames and Windows' accordion item:
-		driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[contains(text(),'Frames and Windows')]")).click();
-
-		//
-		// FRAMES
-		//
-
-		// Switch to the iframe:
-		WebElement frame = driver.findElement(By.id("custom-iframe"));
-		driver.switchTo().frame(frame);
-
-		// Perform the actions we need to do:
-		driver.findElement(By.id("frame-button")).click();
-
-		// Switch back to the default document:
-		driver.switchTo().defaultContent();
-
-		//
-		// WINDOWS
-		//
-
-		// Get the handle (or identifier) of the original window:
-		String originalWindowHandle = driver.getWindowHandle();
-
-		// Click the button that opens a new window:
-		driver.findElement(By.id("new-window-button")).click();
-
-		// Most likely the new window won't finish loading its content before its title is queried by the
-		// driver, so we sleep the execution a little bit to give it enough time:
-		sleep(500);
-
-		// Get the handles of all the windows (i.e. handle of the original window + handle of the new window):
-		Set<String> windowHandles = driver.getWindowHandles();
-
-		// Figure out the handle of the new window:
-		String newWindowHandle = "";
-
-		for (String windowHandle : windowHandles)
-		{
-			if (!originalWindowHandle.contentEquals(windowHandle))
-			{
-				newWindowHandle = windowHandle;
-				break;
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Switch to the new window:
-		driver.switchTo().window(newWindowHandle);
-
-		// Perform the actions we need to do:
-		System.out.println("The title of the new window is: " + driver.getTitle());
-
-		// Close the window:
-		driver.close();
-
-		// Switch back to the default document:
-		driver.switchTo().window(originalWindowHandle);
-
-		//
-
-		// This is commented out so you can actually see what happened in the web page:
-		// driver.quit();
-	}
-}

src/webelements/JavaScriptPopupMessages.java

@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-package webelements;
-
-import org.openqa.selenium.Alert;
-import org.openqa.selenium.By;
-import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
-import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
-
-public class JavaScriptPopupMessages
-{
-	public static void main(String[] args)
-	{
-		// Specify path to WebDriver:
-		System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "/snap/bin/geckodriver");
-
-		// Launch browser and navigate to test page:
-		WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
-		driver.manage().window().maximize();
-		driver.get("https://ramoncaballero.dev/sdet/selenium-webdriver/playgrounds/");
-
-		// Click on the 'JavaScript Popup Messages' accordion item:
-		driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[contains(text(),'JavaScript Popup Messages')]")).click();
-
-		//
-		// ALERT
-		//
-
-		driver.findElement(By.id("alert-button")).click();
-
-		Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();
-		String alertText = alert.getText();
-		alert.accept();
-
-		System.out.println("Alert text: " + alertText);
-
-		//
-		// CONFIRM
-		//
-
-		driver.findElement(By.id("confirm-button")).click();
-
-		Alert confirm = driver.switchTo().alert();
-		String confirmText = confirm.getText();
-		confirm.dismiss();
-
-		System.out.println("Confirm text: " + confirmText);
-
-		//
-		// PROMPT
-		//
-
-		driver.findElement(By.id("prompt-button")).click();
-
-		Alert prompt = driver.switchTo().alert();
-		prompt.sendKeys("QA");
-		String promptText = prompt.getText();
-		prompt.dismiss();
-
-		System.out.println("Prompt text: " + promptText);
-
-		//
-
-		// This is commented out so you can actually see what happened in the web page:
-		// driver.quit();
-	}
-}

src/webelements/SelectDatalistAndOptions.java

@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-package webelements;
-
-import java.util.Collections;
-import java.util.List;
-
-import org.openqa.selenium.By;
-import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;
-import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
-import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
-import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
-import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;
-
-public class SelectDatalistAndOptions
-{
-	public static void main(String[] args)
-	{
-		// Specify path to WebDriver:
-		System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "/snap/bin/geckodriver");
-
-		// Launch browser and navigate to test page:
-		WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
-		driver.manage().window().maximize();
-		driver.get("https://ramoncaballero.dev/sdet/selenium-webdriver/playgrounds/");
-
-		// Click on the 'Select, Datalist and Options' accordion item:
-		driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[contains(text(),'Select, Datalist and Options')]")).click();
-
-		// Initialize a Select object with the HTML select:
-		WebElement selectElement = driver.findElement(By.id("select"));
-		Select select = new Select(selectElement);
-
-		// Take the options and remove the 1st option
-		// (that option cannot be selected as it disappears when another one is selected):
-		List<WebElement> selectOptions = select.getOptions();
-		selectOptions.remove(0);
-
-		// Shuffle the options to get a random order and select the 1st one:
-		Collections.shuffle(selectOptions);
-		select.selectByVisibleText(selectOptions.get(0).getText());
-
-		//
-
-		WebElement datalistElement = driver.findElement(By.id("datalist-input"));
-		datalistElement.sendKeys("Batman");
-		datalistElement.sendKeys(Keys.RETURN);
-
-		//
-
-		// This is commented out so you can actually see what happened in the web page:
-		// driver.quit();
-	}
-}

src/webelements/Tables.java

@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-package webelements;
-
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.stream.Collectors;
-
-import org.openqa.selenium.By;
-import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
-import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
-import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
-
-public class Tables
-{
-	public static void main(String[] args)
-	{
-		// Specify path to WebDriver:
-		System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "/snap/bin/geckodriver");
-
-		// Launch browser and navigate to test page:
-		WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
-		driver.manage().window().maximize();
-		driver.get("https://ramoncaballero.dev/sdet/selenium-webdriver/playgrounds/");
-
-		// Click on the 'Tables' accordion item:
-		driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[contains(text(),'Tables')]")).click();
-
-		//
-
-		// Obtain the rows in the 'products-batman' table:
-		List<WebElement> rows = driver.findElements(By.xpath(".//table[@id='products-batman']/descendant::*/tr"));
-
-		// Take the cells of the 1st row (header row):
-		List<WebElement> headerRow = rows.remove(0).findElements(By.xpath("th"));
-
-		// Print the table header cells:
-		String headerString = headerRow.stream().map(WebElement::getText).collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
-		System.out.println("Header: " + headerString);
-
-		// Print table body cells:
-		for (WebElement row : rows)
-		{
-			List<WebElement> cellsInRow = row.findElements(By.xpath("td"));
-
-			String rowString = cellsInRow.stream().map(WebElement::getText).collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
-			System.out.println("Row: " + rowString);
-		}
-
-		//
-
-		// This is commented out so you can actually see what happened in the web page:
-		// driver.quit();
-	}
-}